The proposed edition is a study by the historian of the final period of Ivan Mazepa's hetmanization. The author draws the reader's attention to one of the most interesting and at the same time the most tragic moments in our history - the death of Baturin on November 2, 1708. The researcher considers this period as the reaction of the Russian autocracy to the attempt of Ukrainians to win independence under the difficult conditions of the Russian-Swedish war. The book in the language of documents reproduces the prerequisites, motives and consequences of the uprising led by Ivan Mazepa, analyzes organizational miscalculations, ideological, historical and socio-political reasons for the defeat. The study also contains annexes that provide biographical information about the hetman Ivan Mazepa, scientific intelligence on the origin of the coat of arms and the fate of the portrait from the Butovich collection. Also, the author traces the further fate of the hetman's capital - Baturin - from the time of the Razumovsky Wing to the end of the twentieth century.