Antique Book Basic Teachings of Psychology From the Point of View of Voluntarism 1903 N. Lossky. Saint Petersburg Stasyulevich's printing house 1903. In modern psychological literature, complaints are often heard that psychology has never been in such an uncertain position as now. None of the main directions in it is predominant. Associationism has long ceased to be completely carried away by psychologists, although it has not yet died out. Intellectualism very often meets with resistance from voluntarism, but does not fall because of this. The psycho-physiological trend is a great success, but its materialistic nature harms the freedom to study many purely psychological problems. With him, therefore, psychology enters the struggle, requiring a purely psychological study of phenomena and rejecting attempts to deduce mental phenomena from non-mental ones. Each of the old suggestions has provided such obvious services to psychologists that it involuntarily inspires self-respect. New theories tend not so much to rework the content of psychology, as to win back a private area in it and acquire an eclectic character. Thus, not only the position of psychology as a whole, but also each direction in particular, becomes uncertain. Meanwhile, some of these trends, voluntarism, which is now beginning to raise its head, requires a completely certain system of views and can be reconciled with the results of studies carried out by representatives of other directions only by processing these studies. Therefore, work on which belief systems are required or excluded in one or another area could contribute significantly to the assessment of these areas. This work aims to develop a number of teachings on the basic issues of psychology, necessary from the point of view of one of the varieties of voluntarism. This work, of course, does not outline voluntarism in all its details and modifications, but it nevertheless determines the general nature of this trend. Having finished this work, I consider it my duty to express my gratitude to the Historical and Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg University, which sent me abroad and gave me the means to print this work, and in particular to my teacher Prof. A.I.Vvedensky. I cannot fail to recall my late teacher Prof. A.A. Kozlov, whose influence affected some aspects of this work, especially the chapter "Consciousness and Knowledge".