In this work, L. S. Lychkov analyzes the need to reform official statistics, focusing on the data of the southwestern region of the Russian Empire. He discusses the existing methods of collecting and processing statistical data, suggesting ways to improve them to improve accuracy and efficiency. About the author L. S. Lychkov was one of the first Zemstvo statisticians who made a significant contribution to the development of Zemstvo statistics in Russia. His work was distinguished by thoroughness in the collection of primary data and innovative methods of their processing. In particular, in the Saratov province under his leadership, the statistical service has reached a high level of development. Significance of publication This publication is of interest to researchers of the history of statistics, as well as to specialists studying administrative reforms and socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. It reflects the leading views of the time on the methods of statistical accounting and the need to reform them. Thus, L. S. Lichkov’s book is a valuable source on the history of official statistics and its reforms.